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Christmas,
in the Christian church the day which the birth of Christ is celebrated.
The event is observed by Western Christians December 25, but in all
Eastern Orthodox bodies, except the Greek church, the festival is
celebrated on January 6. Historians have been unable to determine the
exact month or day of the Nativity, and there is evidence to show that
the day was observed either in the apostolic or early post-apostolic
church. Saint Hippolytus,
in the century, is believed to have been the first the church fathers to
have fixed the date December 25. According to his computation there were exactly 33 years from
the time of Christ's conception until his death, and both events
occurred on March 25. By
calculating nine months from the annunciation to Mary, he arrived at the
date of December 25 for Christ's birth Earlier, how-ever, Hippolytus had
favored
January 2, and
Clement
of Alexandria set the date as May 20
It is believed that the fixing of the date is influenced
by the fact that the Roman -rival Brumalia fell on December 25.
This date follows immediately after the winter solstice, and
there was thought to be a particular appropriateness in identifying the
birthday of the Son of Righteousness with a festival of the sun.
In the early Middle Ages clergy protested the connecting of a
sacred day with a pagan observance, but the festival proved so popular
that even the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century was not able to
dislodge it, and today it has acceptance in all Christian countries.
Universal
World Reference Encyclopedia, Consolidated Book Publishers, Illinois,
1961. |